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Chronic Sinusitis Symptoms and complications
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Chronic sinusitis is a common condition in which cavities around the nasal passages (sinuses) become inflamed and swollen for at least 12 weeks, despite treatment efforts. Chronic sinusitis may be brought on by an infection, enlargement of the sinuses (nasal polyps), or a deviated nasal septum. The condition most commonly affects young and middle-aged adults, but it can also affect children.
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Symptoms and signs of chronic
Symptoms and signs of chronic sinusitis should be present with confirmation of nasal inflammation for diagnosis.
Thick, discolored discharge from the nose or burning in the back of the throat (postpartum drainage)
Nasal blockage or congestion, which makes it difficult to breathe through your nose. Pain, tenderness, and swelling around the eyes, cheeks, nose, or forehead
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Other signs and symptoms may include
ear ache
Itching in your upper jaw and teeth
Nocturnal cough
Sore throat
bad breath
Fatigue or irritability
Nausea
There are signs and symptoms similar to chronic sinusitis and acute sinusitis, but acute sinusitis is a temporary infection of the sinus that is often associated with a cold.
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Common causes of chronic sinusitis include
Nasal polyps: Abnormal tissue development can block the nasal passages or sinuses.
Fractured nasal septum: Serpentine septum of the middle wall of the nose can restrict or block the sinus passage.
Other medical conditions: Nasal obstruction may occur as a result of cystic fibrosis, gastroesophageal reflux or complications of HIV and other immune system related diseases.
Respiratory tract infections: Respiratory tract infections are mostly common colds that can inflame and thicken sinus membranes and prevent mucus clearance. These infections can be viral, bacterial or fungal.
Allergies: Hay fever-like allergies. Inflammation that occurs with allergies can prevent sinuses.
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Risk:
A nasal passage abnormality, such as a deviated nasal septum or nasal polyps
Asthma, which is highly associated with chronic sinusitis.
Aspirin sensitivity that causes respiratory symptoms
An immune system disorder, such as HIV / AIDS or cystic fibrosis
Hay fever or other allergic conditions that also affect the sinuses
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Chronic sinusitis complications include:
Meningitis: This infection causes inflammation of the membranes and fluid surrounding your brain and spinal cord.
Other infections: Unusually, the infection can spread to bones (osteomyelitis) or skin (cellulitis).
Partial or complete loss of sense of smell: Blockage and inflammation of the nerves (olfactory nerve) can cause temporary or permanent damage to the nerve.
Vision problems: If the infection spreads to the eye socket, it can cause low vision or blindness, which can be permanent.
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The diagnosis
Your doctor will feel tenderness in your nose and face and look inside your nose.
Other methods of diagnosing chronic sinusitis include:
Nasal endoscopy: A thin flexible tube (endoscope) with fiber-optic light is inserted through the nose which allows the doctor to look inside the sinus. It is also known as Rhinoscopy.
Imaging Study: Images were taken using a CT scan or MRI that can show details of your sinus and nasal area. This may be a sign of deep inflammation of the physical blockage using an endoscope.
Nasal and sinus cultures: Cultures are generally unnecessary for the diagnosis of chronic sinusitis. However, when the condition fails to respond to treatment or is deteriorating, tissue culture can help determine the cause, such as bacteria or fungi.
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